Brief Cockatiel Genetics I'm Still Learning! Dominant Colors: Normal Gray Silver Yellow Cheek Recessive Colors: Pied Whiteface Fallow Pastel Emerald (Spangle) Silver Sex-Linked: Lutino Cinnamon Pearl Yellow Cheek Platinum Ok, genes come in pairs, one from the mald and one from the female. Mutations can affect both genes, only one or possibly neither! These different combinations affect the birds color and hidden color splits and determines whether its color(s) is/are dominant, recessive or sex-linked. The dominant color only needs to be present in one copy of the gene. A recessive color must affect both copies of the gene in order to change the birds appearance. A whiteface, since it is recessive, must have inherited a copy of the whiteface gene from each of the parents. If it only received one copy of the gene then it is called a split and since it is only split, it will only pass this gene onto 1/2 of its offspring. In this case it will be a "hidden" color that will not be seen. Most splits are not visual but the most commont visual split is the "pied" mark, usually a patch of white or yellow feathers behind the head or dark and white toe nails. Sex-linked colors are only carried on one of the sex chromosomes. Females can only have one copy of a sex-linked mutation. Because of this, females cannot be split to a sex-linked mutation. Hence, if the female does not carry the visual color, she doesn't carry it at all. Males inherit one chromosome (X1) from the father and one from the mother (X2). Both of these chromosomes can carry a sex-linked mutation. In the babies, they will get both the chromosomes from the father and the mother. Pastelface is sometimes called dominant but it is recessive to normal gray. But, in relationship to the whiteface it is dominant. The two mutations affect the same gene.